3. Add paragraphs 805-10-55-3A, 805-10-55-5A through 55-5F, and 805-10-55-51 through 55-96 and the related headings, amend paragraphs 805-10-55-4 through 55-5, 805-10-55-6, and 805-10-55-8 through 55-9, and supersede paragraph 805-10-55-7, with a link to transition paragraph 805-10-65-4, as follows:
Business Combinations—Overall
Implementation Guidance and Illustrations
> Implementation Guidance
> > Definition of a Business
805-10-55-3A A business is an integrated set of activities and assets that is capable of being conducted and managed for the purpose of providing a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members, or participants. To be considered a business, an integrated set must meet the requirements in paragraphs 805-10-55-4 through 55-6 and 805-10-55-8 through 55-9.
805-10-55-4 A
{remove glossary link}business{remove glossary link} consists of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that have the ability to
create
contribute to the creation of outputs. Although businesses usually have outputs, outputs are not required for an integrated set to qualify as a business. The three elements of a business are defined as follows:
a. Input. Any economic resource that creates, or has the ability to
create
contribute to the creation of
, outputs when one or more processes are applied to it. Examples include long-lived assets (including
intangible assets or rights to use long-lived assets), intellectual property, the ability to obtain access to necessary materials or rights, and employees.
b. Process. Any system, standard, protocol, convention, or rule that when applied to an input or inputs, creates or has the ability to
create
contribute to the creation of outputs. Examples include strategic management processes, operational processes, and resource management processes. These processes typically are documented, but
the intellectual capacity of an organized workforce having the necessary skills and experience following rules and conventions may provide the necessary processes that are capable of being applied to inputs to create outputs. Accounting, billing, payroll, and other administrative systems typically are not processes used to create outputs.
c. Output. The result of inputs and processes applied to those inputs that provide
goods or services to customers, investment income (such as dividends or interest), or other revenuesor have the ability to provide a return in the form of dividends, lower costs, or other economic benefits directly to investors or other owners, members, or participants
.
805-10-55-5 To be capable of being conducted and managed for the purposes
defined
described in paragraph 805-10-55-3A, an integrated set of activities and assets requires two essential elements—inputs and processes applied to those
inputs.
inputs, which together are or will be used to create outputs. However, a
A business need not include all the inputs or processes that the seller used in operating that business
if market participants are capable of acquiring the business and continuing to produce outputs, for example, by integrating the business with their own inputs and processes
.
However, to be considered a business, the set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. Paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C provide a practical screen to determine when a set would not be considered a business. If the screen is not met, further assessment is necessary to determine whether the set is a business. Paragraphs 805-10-55-5D through 55-6 and 805-10-55-8 through 55-9 provide a framework to assist an entity in evaluating whether the set includes both an input and a substantive process.
> > > Single or Similar Asset Threshold
805-10-55-5A If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not considered a business. Gross assets acquired should exclude cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets, and goodwill resulting from the effects of deferred tax liabilities. However, the gross assets acquired should include any consideration transferred (plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interest and previously held interest, if any) in excess of the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired.
> > > Single Identifiable Asset
805-10-55-5B A single identifiable asset includes any individual asset or group of assets that could be recognized and measured as a single identifiable asset in a business combination. However, for purposes of this evaluation, the following should be considered a single asset:
a. A tangible asset that is attached to and cannot be physically removed and used separately from another tangible asset (or an intangible asset representing the right to use a tangible asset) without incurring significant cost or significant diminution in utility or fair value to either asset (for example, land and building)
b. In-place lease intangibles, including favorable and unfavorable intangible assets or liabilities, and the related leased assets.
> > > Similar Assets
805-10-55-5C A group of similar assets includes multiple assets identified in accordance with paragraph 805-10-55-5B. When evaluating whether assets are similar, an entity should consider the nature of each single identifiable asset and the risks associated with managing and creating outputs from the assets (that is, the risk characteristics). However, the following should not be considered similar assets:
a. A tangible asset and an intangible asset
b. Identifiable intangible assets in different major intangible asset classes (for example, customer-related intangibles, trademarks, and in-process research and development)
c. A financial asset and a nonfinancial asset
d. Different major classes of financial assets (for example, accounts receivable and marketable securities)
e. Different major classes of tangible assets (for example, inventory, manufacturing equipment, and automobiles)
f. Identifiable assets within the same major asset class that have significantly different risk characteristics.
> > > Framework—Inputs, Substantive Processes, and Other Considerations
805-10-55-5D When a set does not have outputs (for example, an early stage company that has not generated revenues), the set will have both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs only if it includes employees that form an organized workforce and an input that the workforce could develop or convert into output. The organized workforce must have the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform an acquired process (or group of processes) that when applied to another acquired input or inputs is critical to the ability to develop or convert that acquired input or inputs into outputs. An entity should consider the following in evaluating whether the acquired workforce is performing a substantive process:
a. A process (or group of processes) is not critical if, for example, it is considered ancillary or minor in the context of all the processes required to create outputs.
b. Inputs that employees who form an organized workforce could develop (or are developing) or convert into outputs could include the following:
1. Intellectual property that could be used to develop a good or service
2. Resources that could be developed to create outputs
3. Access to necessary materials or rights that enable the creation of future outputs.
Examples of inputs that could be developed include technology, mineral interests, real estate, and in-process research and development.
805-10-55-5E When the set has outputs (that is, there is a continuation of revenue before and after the transaction), the set will have both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs when any of the following are present:
a. Employees that form an organized workforce that has the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform an acquired process (or group of processes) that when applied to an acquired input or inputs is critical to the ability to continue producing outputs. A process (or group of processes) is not critical if, for example, it is considered ancillary or minor in the context of all of the processes required to continue producing outputs.
b. An acquired contract that provides access to an organized workforce that has the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform an acquired process (or group of processes) that when applied to an acquired input or inputs is critical to the ability to continue producing outputs. An entity should assess the substance of an acquired contract and whether it has effectively acquired an organized workforce that performs a substantive process (for example, considering the duration and the renewal terms of the contract).
c. The acquired process (or group of processes) when applied to an acquired input or inputs significantly contributes to the ability to continue producing outputs and cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay in the ability to continue producing outputs.
d. The acquired process (or group of processes) when applied to an acquired input or inputs significantly contributes to the ability to continue producing outputs and is considered unique or scarce.
805-10-55-5F If a set has outputs, continuation of revenues does not on its own indicate that both an input and a substantive process have been acquired. Accordingly, assumed contractual arrangements that provide for the continuation of revenues (for example, customer contracts, customer lists, and leases [when the set is the lessor]) should be excluded from the analysis in paragraph 805-10-55-5E of whether a process has been acquired.
805-10-55-6 The nature of the elements of a business varies by industry and by the structure of an entity's operations (activities), including the entity's stage of development. Established businesses often have many different types of inputs, processes, and outputs, whereas new businesses often have few inputs and processes and sometimes only a single output (product). Nearly all businesses also have liabilities, but a business need not have liabilities. In addition, some transferred sets of assets and activities that are not a business may have liabilities.
805-10-55-7 Paragraph superseded by Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01.
An integrated set of activities and assets in the development stage might not have outputs. If not, the acquirer should consider other factors to determine whether the set is a business. Those factors include, but are not limited to, whether the set:
a. Has begun planned principal activities
b. Has employees, intellectual property, and other inputs and processes that could be applied to those inputs
c. Is pursuing a plan to produce outputs
d. Will be able to obtain access to customers that will purchase the outputs.
Not all of those factors need to be present for a particular integrated set of activities and assets in the development stage to qualify as a business.
805-10-55-8
Determining whether a particular set of assets and activities is a business should be based on whether the integrated set is capable of being conducted and managed as a business by a
{add glossary link}
market participant
{add glossary link}
. Thus, in evaluating whether a particular set is a business, it is not relevant whether a seller operated the set as a business or whether the acquirer intends to operate the set as a business.
805-10-55-9 In the absence of evidence to the contrary, a particular set of assets and activities in which goodwill is present shall be presumed to be
When evaluating whether a set meets the criteria in paragraphs 805-10-55-5D through 55-5E, the presence of more than an insignificant amount of goodwill may be an indicator that the acquired process is substantive and, therefore, the acquired set is a business. However, a business need not have goodwill.
> Illustrations
> > Example 6: Illustrations of the Definition of a Business
805-10-55-51 The Examples in paragraphs 805-10-55-52 through 55-96 illustrate the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-4 through 55-6 and 805-10-55-8 through 55-9 on the definition of a business. In each of the Examples, the first step of the analysis is the evaluation of the threshold in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. If that threshold is not met, an entity should evaluate whether the set includes an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. To determine whether both an input and a substantive process are included in the set, an entity should complete its evaluation using the framework (guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5D through 55-6 and 805-10-55-8 through 55-9).
> > > Case A: Acquisition of Real Estate
> > > > Scenario 1
805-10-55-52 ABC acquires, renovates, leases, sells, and manages real estate properties. ABC acquires a portfolio of 10 single-family homes that each have inplace leases. The only elements included in the acquired set are the 10 singlefamily homes and the 10 in-place leases. Each single-family home includes the land, building, and property improvements. Each home has a different floor plan, square footage, lot, and interior design. No employees or other assets are acquired.
805-10-55-53 ABC first considers the threshold guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. ABC concludes that the land, building, property improvements, and in-place leases at each property can be considered a single asset in accordance with paragraph 805-10-55-5B. That is, the building and property improvements are attached to the land and cannot be removed without incurring significant cost. Additionally, the in-place lease is an intangible asset that should be combined with the related real estate and considered a single asset.
805-10-55-54 ABC also concludes that the 10 single assets (the combined land, building, in-place lease intangible, and property improvements) are similar. Each home has a different floor plan; however, the nature of the assets (all single-family homes) are similar. ABC also concludes that the risks associated with managing and creating outputs are not significantly different. That is, the risks associated with operating the properties and tenant acquisition and management are not significantly different because the types of homes and class of customers are not significantly different. Similarly, the risks associated with operating in the real estate market of the homes acquired are not significantly different. Consequently, ABC concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in the group of similar identifiable assets; thus, the set is not a business.
> > > > Scenario 2
805-10-55-55 Assume the same facts as in Scenario 1 except that ABC also acquires an office park with six 10-story office buildings leased to maximum occupancy of which all have significant fair value. ABC also acquires the vendor contracts for outsourced cleaning, security, and maintenance. Seller's employees that perform leasing (sales, underwriting, and so forth), tenant management, financing, and other strategic management processes are not included in the set. ABC plans to replace the property management and employees with its own internal resources.
805-10-55-56 ABC concludes that the single-family homes and office park are not similar assets. ABC considers the risks associated with operating the assets, obtaining tenants, and tenant management between the single-family homes and office park to be significantly different because the scale of operations and risks associated with the class of customers are significantly different. Therefore, substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. Thus, ABC must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-57 The set has continuing revenues through the in-place leases and, therefore, has outputs. ABC must consider the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
805-10-55-58 ABC concludes that the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(a) through (b) are not met because the set does not include employees and the processes performed through the cleaning and security contracts (the only processes acquired) will be considered ancillary or minor in the context of all the processes required to create outputs in the real estate industry. That is, while those outsourcing agreements may be considered to provide an organized workforce that performs cleaning and security processes when applied to the building, the processes performed by the cleaning, security, and maintenance personnel are not considered critical in the context of all the processes required to create outputs.
805-10-55-59 ABC also concludes that the criterion in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(c) is not met because the cleaning and security processes could be easily replaced with little cost, effort, or delay in the ability to continue producing outputs. While the cleaning and security processes are necessary for continued operations of the buildings, these contracts can be replaced quickly with little effect on the ability to continue producing outputs.
805-10-55-60 ABC concludes that the criterion in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(d) is not met because the cleaning and security contracts are not considered unique or scarce. That is, these types of arrangements are readily accessible in the marketplace.
805-10-55-61 Because none of the criteria were met, ABC concludes that the set does not include both an input and substantive processes that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs and, therefore, is not considered a business.
> > > > Scenario 3
805-10-55-62 Assume the same facts as in Scenario 2, except that the set includes the employees responsible for leasing, tenant management, and managing and supervising all operational processes.
805-10-55-63 The set has continuing revenues through the in-place leases and, therefore, has outputs. ABC must consider the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
805-10-55-64 ABC determines that the criterion in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(a) is met because the set includes an organized workforce that performs processes that when applied to the acquired inputs in the set (the land, building, and in-place leases) are critical to the ability to continue producing outputs. That is, ABC concludes that the leasing, tenant management, and supervision of the operational processes are critical to the creation of outputs. Because it includes both an input and a substantive process, the set is considered a business.
> > > Case B: Acquisition of a Drug Candidate
> > > > Scenario 1
805-10-55-65 Pharma Co. purchases from Biotech a legal entity that contains the rights to a Phase 3 (in the clinical research phase) compound being developed to treat diabetes (the in-process research and development project). Included in the in-process research and development project is the historical know-how, formula protocols, designs, and procedures expected to be needed to complete the related phase of testing. The legal entity also holds an at-market clinical research organization contract and an at-market clinical manufacturing organization contract. No employees, other assets, or other activities are transferred.
805-10-55-66 Pharma Co. first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. Pharma Co. concludes that the in-process research and development project is an identifiable intangible asset that would be accounted for as a single asset in a business combination. Pharma Co. also qualitatively concludes that there is no fair value associated with the clinical research organization contract and the clinical manufacturing organization contract because the services are being provided at market rates and could be provided by multiple vendors in the marketplace. Therefore, all of the consideration in the transaction will be allocated to the in-process research and development project. As such, Pharma Co. concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in the single in-process research and development asset and the set is not a business.
> > > > Scenario 2
805-10-55-67 Pharma Co. purchases from Biotech a legal entity that contains the rights to a Phase 3 compound being developed to treat diabetes (Project 1) and a Phase 3 compound being developed to treat Alzheimer's disease (Project 2). Included with each project are the historical know-how, formula protocols, designs, and procedures expected to be needed to complete the related phase of testing. The legal entity also holds at-market clinical research organization contracts and at-market clinical manufacturing organization contracts associated with each project. Assume that Project 1 and Project 2 have equal fair value. No employees, other assets, or other activities are transferred.
805-10-55-68 Pharma Co. concludes that Project 1 and Project 2 are each separately identifiable intangible assets, both of which would be accounted for as a single asset in a business combination. Pharma Co. then considers whether Project 1 and Project 2 are similar assets. Pharma Co. notes that the nature of the assets is similar in that both Project 1 and Project 2 are in-process research and development assets in the same major asset class. However, Pharma Co. concludes that Project 1 and Project 2 have significantly different risks associated with creating outputs from each asset because each project has different risks associated with developing and marketing the compound to customers. The projects are intended to treat significantly different medical conditions, and each project has a significantly different potential customer base and expected market and regulatory risks associated with the assets. Thus, Pharma Co. concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and that it must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-69 Because the set does not have outputs, Pharma Co. evaluates the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D to determine whether the set has both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Pharma Co. concludes that the criteria are not met because the set does not have employees. As such, Pharma Co. concludes that the set is not a business.
> > > Case C: Acquisition of Biotech
805-10-55-70 Pharma Co. buys all of the outstanding shares of Biotech. Biotech's operations include research and development activities on several drug compounds that it is developing (in-process research and development projects). The in-process research and development projects are in different phases of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval process and would treat significantly different diseases. The set includes senior management and scientists that have the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform research and development activities. In addition, Biotech has long-lived tangible assets such as a corporate headquarters, a research lab, and lab equipment. Biotech does not yet have a marketable product and, therefore, has not generated revenues. Assume that each research and development project has a significant amount of fair value.
805-10-55-71 Pharma Co. first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. The identifiable assets in the set include multiple in-process research and development projects and tangible assets (the corporate headquarters, the research lab, and the lab equipment). Pharma Co. concludes that the in-process research and development projects are not similar assets because the projects have significantly different risks associated with managing the assets and creating the outputs (that is, because there are significantly different development risks in the different phases of development, market risks related to the different customer base, and potential markets for the compounds). In addition, Pharma Co. concludes that there is fair value associated with the acquired workforce because of the proprietary knowledge of and experience with Biotech's ongoing development projects and the potential for creation of new development projects that the workforce embodies. As such, Pharma Co. concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and that it must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-72 Because the set does not have outputs, Pharma Co. evaluates the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D to determine whether the set has both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Pharma Co. concludes that the criteria are met because the scientists make up an organized workforce that has the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to perform processes that when applied to the inprocess research and development inputs is critical to the ability to develop those inputs into a product that can be provided to a customer. Pharma Co. also determines that there is a more-than-insignificant amount of goodwill (including the fair value associated with the workforce), which is another indicator that the workforce is performing a critical process. Thus, the set includes both inputs and substantive processes and is a business.
> > > Case D: Acquisition of a Television Station
805-10-55-73 Company A is a television broadcaster whose principal business is the ownership and operation of a television station group in the United States through which it broadcasts its proprietary health-care-related programming. Company B owns and operates several television stations in the western United States. Because of a recent merger, Company B must divest itself of a station in Portland, Oregon (KPOR), and agrees to sell the station to Company A.
805-10-55-74 Company A plans to change KPOR's programming format to its proprietary health-care-related programming. Therefore, Company A will receive only the U.S. Federal Communications Commission license, the broadcasting equipment, and the office building. KPOR will be integrated into Company A's operations, with most of the station processes centralized at Company A's corporate headquarters. Company A will not extend offers of employment to any of KPOR's employees or assume any of KPOR's contractual relationships.
805-10-55-75 Company A first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission license is an intangible asset that is recognized and measured separately in a business combination, while the broadcast equipment and building are tangible nonfinancial assets in different major classes. Company A concludes that the broadcast equipment and building are not considered a single asset because the equipment is not attached to the building and can be removed without significant cost or diminution in fair value. Furthermore, none of the assets will be considered similar in accordance with paragraph 805-10-55-5C because the U.S. Federal Communications Commission license cannot be considered similar to tangible assets and the tangible assets are in different major asset classes. Each of the separate identifiable assets has significant fair value. Thus, Company A concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and that it must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-76 The set does not have outputs; therefore, Company A considers the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D to determine whether the set includes both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The set does not include an organized workforce, so it does not meet the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D. Therefore, the set does not include both an input and a substantive process and is not considered a business.
> > > Case E: Acquisition of a Manufacturing Facility
805-10-55-77 Widget Co. manufactures complex equipment and has manufacturing facilities throughout the world. Widget Co. decided to idle a facility in a foreign jurisdiction in a reorganization of its manufacturing footprint and furloughed the assembly line employees.
805-10-55-78 Acquirer enters into an agreement to purchase a manufacturing facility and related equipment from Widget Co. To comply with the local labor laws, Acquirer also must assume the furloughed employees.
805-10-55-79 The assets acquired include the equipment and facility (land and building) but no intellectual property, inventory, customer relationships, or any other inputs.
805-10-55-80 Acquirer first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. Acquirer concludes that the equipment in the facility can be removed without significant cost or diminution in utility or fair value because the equipment is not attached to the building and can be used in many types of manufacturing facilities. Therefore, the equipment and building are not a single asset. Furthermore, the equipment and facility are not considered similar assets because they are different major classes of tangible assets. Acquirer determines that there is significant fair value in both the equipment and the facility and, thus, concludes that it must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-81 The set is not currently producing outputs because there is no continuation of revenue before and after the transaction; therefore, Acquirer considers the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D and whether the set includes both employees that form an organized workforce and an input that the workforce could develop or convert into output. The set includes employees that have the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience to use the equipment; however, without intellectual property or other inputs that could be converted into outputs using the equipment, the set does not include both an organized workforce and an input that will meet the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5D. That is, the equipment itself cannot be developed or converted into an output by those employees. Therefore, the set is not a business.
> > > Case F: License of Distribution Rights
805-10-55-82 Company A is a distributor of food and beverages. Company A enters into an agreement to sublicense the Latin American distribution rights of Yogurt Brand F to Company B, whereby Company B will distribute Yogurt Brand F in Latin America. As part of the agreement, Company A transfers the existing customer contracts in Latin America to Company B and an at-market supply contract with the producer of Yogurt Brand F. Company A retains all of its employees and distribution capabilities.
805-10-55-83 Company B first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. The identifiable assets that could be recognized in a business combination include the license to distribute Yogurt Brand F, customer contracts, and the supply agreement. Company B concludes that the license and customer contracts will have fair value assigned to them. Company B concludes that neither asset represents substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets. Company B then considers whether the license and customer contracts are a group of similar intangible assets. Because the license and customer contracts are in different major classes of identifiable intangible assets, they are not considered similar assets. Therefore, substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, and Company B must evaluate whether the set has both an input and a substantive process.
805-10-55-84 The set has outputs through the continuation of revenues with customers in Latin America. As such, Company B must evaluate the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Company B considers whether the acquired contracts are providing access to an organized workforce that performs a substantive process. However, because the contracts are not providing a service that applies a process to another acquired input, Company B concludes that the substance of the contracts are only that of acquiring inputs. The set is not a business because:
a. It does not include an organized workforce that could meet the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(a) through (b).
b. There are no acquired processes that could meet the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(c) through (d).
c. It does not include both an input and a substantive process.
> > > Case G: Acquisition of Brands
805-10-55-85 Company A is a global producer of food and beverages. Company A sells the worldwide rights of Yogurt Brand F, including all related intellectual property, to Company B. Company B also acquires all customer contracts and relationships, finished goods inventory, marketing materials, customer incentive programs, raw material supply contracts, specialized equipment specific to manufacturing Yogurt Brand F, and documented processes and protocols to produce Yogurt Brand F. Company B does not receive employees, manufacturing facilities, all of the manufacturing equipment and processes required to produce the product, and distribution facilities and processes.
805-10-55-86 Company B first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. The gross assets include intellectual property (the trademark, the related trade name, and recipes) associated with Yogurt Brand F (the intellectual property associated with the brand is determined to be a single intangible asset in accordance with the guidance in paragraph 805-20-55-18), customer contracts and related relationships, equipment, finished goods inventory, and the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Company B concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets even though, for purposes of the analysis, the intellectual property is considered to be a single identifiable asset. In addition, because there is significant fair value in both tangible assets and intangible assets, Company B concludes that there is not a group of similar assets that meets this threshold.
805-10-55-87 The set has outputs through the continuation of revenues, and Company B must consider the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes both inputs and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. The set does not include an organized workforce and, therefore, does not meet the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(a) through (b). However, the acquired manufacturing processes are unique to Yogurt Brand F, and when those processes are applied to acquired inputs such as the intellectual property, raw material supply contracts, and the equipment, they significantly contribute to the ability to continue producing outputs. As such, the criterion in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(c) is met, and the set includes both inputs and substantive processes. Because the set includes inputs and substantive processes that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs, it is considered a business.
> > > Case H: Acquisition of Loan Portfolio
> > > > Scenario 1
805-10-55-88 Bank A purchases a loan portfolio from Bank Z. The portfolio of loans consists of residential mortgages with terms, size, and risk ratings that are not significantly different. Bank A does not take over the employees of Bank Z that managed the credit risk of the portfolio and the relationship with the borrowers (such as brokers, vendors, and risk managers).
805-10-55-89 Bank A first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. Bank A concludes that the nature of the assets (residential mortgage loans) is similar. Bank A also concludes that the risks associated with managing and creating outputs are not significantly different because the terms, size, and risk ratings of the loans are not significantly different. Because all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is in a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business.
> > > > Scenario 2
805-10-55-90 Assume the same facts as in Scenario 1 except that the portfolio of loans consists of commercial loans with term, size, and risk ratings that are significantly different.
805-10-55-91 Bank A first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. Bank A must consider whether the loans are similar. Bank A concludes that the nature of the assets (commercial loans) is similar; however, because the term, size, and risk ratings of the loans are significantly different, Bank A concludes that the risks associated with managing and creating outputs are significantly different. Thus, Bank A concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and that it must further evaluate whether the set has the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-92 The set has outputs through the continuation of revenues (interest income). Consequently, Bank A considers the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes both inputs and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs. Because the set does not include an organized workforce or acquired processes, the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E are not met and the set is not a business.
> > > > Scenario 3
805-10-55-93 Assume the same facts as in Scenario 2 except that Bank A takes over the employees of Bank Z that managed the credit risk of the portfolio and the relationship with the borrowers (such as brokers and risk managers). Additionally, consideration transferred is significantly higher than Bank A's estimate of the fair value of the loan portfolio.
805-10-55-94 Bank A first considers the guidance in paragraphs 805-10-55-5A through 55-5C. Bank A concludes that the loan portfolio does not consist of similar identifiable assets. Bank A also concludes that there is significant fair value associated with different groups of financial assets and the acquired workforce. As such, Bank A concludes that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets and that it must further evaluate whether the set has met the minimum requirements to be considered a business.
805-10-55-95 The set has outputs through the continuation of revenues (interest income). Consequently, Bank A considers the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E to determine whether the set includes both an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
805-10-55-96 Bank A evaluates the criteria in paragraph 805-10-55-5E and concludes that the criterion in paragraph 805-10-55-5E(a) is met because the set includes an organized workforce that performs processes (customer relationship management and credit risk management) critical to the ability to continue producing outputs; therefore, the set is a business.
4. Add paragraph 805-10-65-4 and its related heading as follows:
Transition and Open Effective Date Information
> Transition Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business
805-10-65-4 The following represents the transition and effective date information related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business:
a. The pending content that links to this paragraph shall be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods.
b. The pending content that links to this paragraph shall be effective for all other entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019.
c. Earlier application of the pending content that links to this paragraph is permitted for transactions for which the acquisition date occurs before the issuance date or the effective date of the pending content that links to this paragraph only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements that have been issued or made available for issuance.
d. Earlier application of the pending content that links to this paragraph is permitted for transactions in which a subsidiary is deconsolidated or a group of assets is derecognized that occur before the issuance date or the effective date of the pending content that links to this paragraph only when the transaction has not been reported in financial statements issued or made available for issuance.
e. An entity shall apply the pending content that links to this paragraph prospectively as of the beginning of the period of adoption.