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This chapter discusses the accounting considerations for various types of debt instruments including the following topics.
  • Term debt
  • Lines of credit and revolving-debt arrangements
  • Debt accounted for at fair value based on the guidance in ASC 825, Financial Instruments
  • Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs, debt discount and premium
  • Put options, call options, and other embedded features in debt instruments
See FG 3 for information on the accounting for debt modifications and extinguishments, and FG 6 (post adoption of ASU 2020-06) or FG 6A (pre adoption of ASU 2020-06) for information on the accounting for convertible debt instruments. See FSP 12 for information on the financial statement presentation and disclosure of debt instruments, including balance sheet classification.
New guidance
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and HedgingContracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. In addition, the FASB amended the derivative guidance for the “own stock” scope exception (see FG 5) and certain aspects of the EPS guidance.
For public business entities that meet the definition of an SEC filer, excluding entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The one-time determination of whether an entity is eligible to be a smaller reporting company is based on an entity’s most recent determination as of August 5, 2020, in accordance with SEC regulations. For all other entities, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The FASB also specified that an entity must adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year and is not permitted to adopt the guidance in an interim period, other than the first interim period of their fiscal year.
Guidance in this chapter has been updated to reflect the new ASU and impacted sections are denoted with “after adoption of ASU 2020-06” and “before adoption of ASU 2020-06.”
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