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Question 111.01

Question: Securities Act Rule 415(a)(4) was amended in 2005 to permit an issuer to register an at-the-market offering of equity securities without identifying an underwriter in its registration statement and without a limitation on the amount of the offering. Did this amendment also change the Commission's interpretation, as set forth in Securities Act Release No. 6334 (Aug. 6, 1981), that "any market professional — a market maker, specialist, or ordinary broker-dealer — who purchases a registered security as principal from the registrant or who sells that security for the registrant as agent ordinarily would be deemed a statutory underwriter under Section 2[(a)](11) of the Securities Act even in the absence of a specific written agreement between the issuer and that market professional"?
Answer: No. [June 4, 2010]

Question 111.02

Question: As a condition to not objecting to a registration statement for a so-called “Exxon Capital” exchange offer, the staff will ask the issuer to make representations about the absence of a distribution of the securities received in the exchange. Is there a particular form that these representations must take?
Answer: In a series of letters beginning with Exxon Capital Holdings Corporation (April 13, 1988), the staff expressed its view that when an issuer that has privately sold non-convertible debt or certain other securities to large, sophisticated investors, the issuer may subsequently register the exchange of those securities for substantially similar securities (an “Exchange Offer”), and the new securities (the “Exchange Securities”) may then be resold by most holders without further registration and without the delivery of a prospectus. A premise upon which this so-called “Exxon Capital” or “A/B” exchange is based is that the participants will not be engaged in a distribution of the registered securities, lest they be underwriters. As a condition to it not objecting to the registration of these offerings, the staff has requested that issuers make certain representations. See Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. (June 5, 1991) and Shearman & Sterling (July 2, 1993). Over time, the staff has observed some variation in representations that are being provided. These representations need not follow any particular form so long as they address the following essential matters:
  • The issuer has not entered into any arrangement or understanding with any person who will receive Exchange Securities in the Exchange Offer to distribute those securities following completion of the Offer. The issuer is not aware of any person that will participate in the Exchange Offer with a view to distribute the Exchange Securities.
  • The issuer will disclose to each person participating in the Exchange Offer that if such participant acquires the Exchange Securities for the purpose of distributing them, such person:
    • Cannot rely on the staff’s interpretive position expressed in the Exxon Capital line of no-action letters, and
    • Must comply with the registration and prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act in order to resell Exchange Securities, and be identified as an underwriter in the prospectus.
  • The issuer will include in the transmittal letter an acknowledgement to be executed by each person participating in the Exchange Offer that such participant does not intend to engage in a distribution of the Exchange Securities. In addition, the issuer will include in the transmittal letter an acknowledgement for each person that is a broker-dealer exchanging securities it acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities that such broker-dealer will satisfy any prospectus delivery requirements in connection with any resale of Exchange Securities received pursuant to the Exchange Offer. The transmittal letter may also include a statement to the effect that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act.
In the Shearman & Sterling letter, the staff’s views were conditioned on the issuer making each person participating in the Exchange Offer aware that any broker-dealer acquiring Exchange Securities in exchange for securities it acquired for its own account as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities may be a statutory underwriter. If the representations clearly state the essential matters outlined above, the staff does not believe that this additional disclosure is necessary. Any person acquiring Exchange Securities with a view to distributing them must be identified as an underwriter in the prospectus and must comply with all applicable requirements. In addition, a broker-dealer acquiring Exchange Securities may be required to deliver a prospectus in connection with resales if it is relying on the exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
The staff believes that the representations may be provided either in the prospectus or in correspondence submitted in connection with the filing. [July 11, 2016]
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